Estimating separately personal exposure to ambient and nonambient particulate matter for epidemiology and risk assessment: Why and how
Wilson, WE; Mage, DT; Grant, LD
HERO ID
10288
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2000
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 10288 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2000 |
| Title | Estimating separately personal exposure to ambient and nonambient particulate matter for epidemiology and risk assessment: Why and how |
| Authors | Wilson, WE; Mage, DT; Grant, LD |
| Journal | Journal of the Air and Waste Management Association |
| Volume | 50 |
| Issue | 7 |
| Page Numbers | 1167-1183 |
| Abstract | U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. This paper discusses the legal and scientific reasons for separating personal exposure to PM into ambient and nonambient components. It then demonstrates by several examples how well-established models and data typically obtained in exposure field studies can be used to estimate both individual and community average expo-sure to ambient-generated PM (ambient PM outdoors plus ambient PM that has infiltrated indoors), indoor-generated PM, and personal activity PM. Ambient concentrations are not highly correlated with personal exposure to nonambient PM or total PM but are highly correlated with personal exposure to ambient-generated PM. Therefore, ambient concentrations may be used in epidemiology as an appropriate surrogate for personal exposure to ambient-generated PM. Suggestions are offered as to how exposure to ambient-generated PM may be obtained and used in epidemiology and risk assessment. Implications: Exposure analysts historically have sought to determine the total personal exposure to PM of all types in all environments. The lack of correlation between this parameter and ambient PM concentration has been considered an impediment to epidemiologic studies seeking to find an association between ambient PM concentrations and health outcomes. For community, time-series epidemiology, it is necessary only that the community average personal exposure to ambient-generated PM be correlated with the ambient PM concentration. If everyone spent the same amount of time outside and in each microenvironment each day, and the air exchange rate and any forced-air ventilation that resulted in particle removal was a constant, and PM concentrations were uniform across the community, a high correlation would be expected between the PM concentration measured by a community-based PM monitor and the personal exposure of each individual to ambient-generated PM. Also, a high correla-tion would be expected between ambient concentration and the exposure surrogate of interest in epidemiology, the community average personal exposure to ambient-generated PM. For short-term panel studies, time-series should be determined for all classes of PM. For cohort studies of long-term effects, consideration must be given to the influence of possible variations in exposures to nonambient-generated PM because of differences among cities in time-location patterns (fractions of time spent outdoors), average air exchange rates, and average concentrations of indoor-generated and personal activity PM. |
| Doi | 10.1080/10473289.2000.10464164 |
| Pmid | 10939210 |
| Wosid | WOS:000088491900011 |
| Url | http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10473289.2000.10464164 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Comments | ECRIB.J. Air Waste Manage. Assoc. 50: 1167-1183. |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
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