Probabilistic modelling techniques in dietary exposure assessment: application on the risk assessment of cadmium for Austrian adults
Vlachou, C; Griesbacher, A; Fuchs, K; Wolf, J; Mihats, D; Steinwider, J; Hofstädter, D
HERO ID
10487753
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2021
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 10487753 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2021 |
| Title | Probabilistic modelling techniques in dietary exposure assessment: application on the risk assessment of cadmium for Austrian adults |
| Authors | Vlachou, C; Griesbacher, A; Fuchs, K; Wolf, J; Mihats, D; Steinwider, J; Hofstädter, D |
| Journal | Food Additives & Contaminants: Part A, Chemistry, Analysis, Control, Exposure & Risk Assessment |
| Volume | 38 |
| Issue | 8 |
| Page Numbers | 1301-1315 |
| Abstract | Probabilistic exposure and risk assessment of chemical hazards in the diet have increasingly gained ground in recent years as a pragmatic approach for the approximation of reality. This work presents the outcomes of a project which aimed at applying probabilistic techniques for basic modelling of chronic dietary exposure to food contaminants following EFSA guidance. These techniques, based on Monte Carlo Risk Assessment (MCRA) software and on the programming language R, were employed for the risk assessment of cadmium for Austrian adults, enabling the validation and the critical comparison of the two approaches. Harmonisation and optimisation of procedures, refinement of exposure assessment skills and confidence in the results were the main benefits. Data amount and validity were identified as critical parameters, influencing the precision of the results. Cadmium was selected as a case study due to its toxicological properties, its ubiquitous presence in food and the availability of Austrian occurrence data. Similar exposure and risk estimates were generated through MCRA and R in alternative optimistic and pessimistic exposure scenarios, suggesting low levels of concern, except for vegetarians, whose upper tail exposures are close to the established Tolerable Weekly Intake. However, as occurrence data gaps have been identified as the major element of uncertainty, the estimated exposure and risk levels are characterised as underestimated. Grains and grain-based products, potatoes and leafy vegetables are the main contributors to the intake. The results will contribute to risk management and to a future refinement of the assessment. |
| Doi | 10.1080/19440049.2021.1921282 |
| Pmid | 34077339 |
| Url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/34077339 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Keyword | Adolescent; Austria; Cadmium/adverse effects; Diet/statistics & numerical data; Dietary Exposure/adverse effects/statistics & numerical data; Edible Grain/chemistry; Food Contamination/analysis; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Monte Carlo Method; Population Surveillance; Risk Assessment/methods; Risk Management/statistics & numerical data; Software; Solanum tuberosum/chemistry; Vegetables/chemistry; Cadmium; Monte Carlo Risk Assessment; probabilistic dietary exposure modelling; programming language R |