Toxicological and Environmental Issues Associated with Phthalic Acid Esters. An Update Since 1978, Final Report
Bogyo, DA; Howard, PH
| HERO ID | 1599525 |
|---|---|
| Year | 1980 |
| Title | Toxicological and Environmental Issues Associated with Phthalic Acid Esters. An Update Since 1978, Final Report |
| Authors | Bogyo, DA; Howard, PH |
| Volume | Life and Material Sciences Division |
| Page Numbers | 80-507 |
| Abstract | Research published on the toxicological and environmental effects of phthalic-acid esters since 1978 was reviewed. Human studies were discussed. These have focused on the release and breakdown of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (117817) (DEHP) and mono(ethylhexyl)phthalate (4376209) (MEHP) from polyvinyl-chloride materials used for blood storage or hemodialysis. The studies have shown that DEHP can be enzymatically converted into MEHP in stored plasma. The concentrations of DEHP and MEHP in stored blood samples are sufficient to cause toxicity in human cell lines. Autopsies have revealed that hemodialysis and transfusion patients may have increased tissue concentrations of phthalate esters. The significance of this finding is unknown since the frequency of detectable tissue phthalate concentrations in the general population is not known. Except for one Italian study using a small cohort, epidemiological studies on phthalate plasticizer workers have not found an increase in neurological symptoms or chromosome aberrations. The Italian study found a high prevalence of motor and sensorimotor polyneuropathy; however, the significance of the findings is limited because of the small number of cases. Studies in laboratory animals were discussed. These have shown that DEHP and other esters induce increases in liver weight and drug metabolizing enzymes in rats. DEHP also causes significant decreases in plasma testosterone in male rats. DEHP and MEHP have induced teratogenic effects; however, the doses used caused significant maternal toxicity. MEHP and DEHP have shown mutagenic activity in bacterial systems. Carcinogenesis bioassays using butylbenzyl-phthalate (85687) (BBP), diallyl-phthalate (131179), and DEHP conducted by the National Cancer Institute are in progress. Studies on mammalian metabolism of DEHP and butylglycolbutyl-phthalate (85701) were considered. Studies in fish and wildlife were discussed. BBP at concentrations of 0.5 to 5.0 milligrams per liter has been found to be toxic to algae, invertebrates, and fish. BBP seems to have a greater potential for bioconcentration than DEHP. Studies on the environmental fate and monitoring of phthalic-acid esters were discussed. These have shown that although there are many microorganisms in soil and water that can degrade phthalate esters, they do not apparently biodegrade rapidly. |
| Report Number | NIOSH/00189528 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Comments | Journal: Center for Chemical Hazard Assessment ISSN: |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Keyword | <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>DCN-184925</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Phthalates</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Blood plasma</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>In vivo studies</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Laboratory animals</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Epidemiology</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Chemical analysis</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Postmortem examination</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Teratogenesis</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Environmental exposure</kw>; <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><kw>Mutagenicity</kw> |