Alternate and new brominated flame retardants detected in U.S. house dust
Stapleton, H; Allen, J; Kelly, S; Konstantinov, A; Klosterhaus, S; Watkins, D; Mcclean, M; Webster, T
HERO ID
697789
Reference Type
Journal Article
Year
2008
Language
English
PMID
| HERO ID | 697789 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2008 |
| Title | Alternate and new brominated flame retardants detected in U.S. house dust |
| Authors | Stapleton, H; Allen, J; Kelly, S; Konstantinov, A; Klosterhaus, S; Watkins, D; Mcclean, M; Webster, T |
| Journal | Environmental Science & Technology |
| Volume | 42 |
| Issue | 18 |
| Page Numbers | 6910-6916 |
| Abstract | Due to the voluntary withdrawals and/or bans on the use of two polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) commercial mixtures, an increasing number of alternate flame retardant chemicals are being introduced in commercial applications. To determine if these alternate BFRs are present in indoor environments, we analyzed dust samples collected from 19 homes in the greater Boston, MA area during 2006. Using pure and commercial standards we quantified the following brominated flame retardant chemicals using GC/ECNI-MS methods: hexabromocyclododecane (sigma HBCD), bis(2,4,6,-tribromphenoxy)ethane (BTBPE), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), and the brominated components found in Firemaster 550 (FM 550): 2-ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (TBB) and (2-ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate (TBPH), the latter compound being a brominated analogue of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The concentrations of all compounds were log-normally distributed and the largest range in concentrations was observed for HBCD (sum of all isomers), with concentrations ranging from <4.5 ng/g to a maximum of 130,200 ng/g with a median value of 230 ng/g. BTBPE ranged from 1.6 to 789 ng/g with a median value of 30 ng/g and DBDPE ranged from <10.0 to 11,070 ng/g with a median value of 201 ng/g. Of the FM 550 components, TBB ranged from <6.6 to 15,030 ng/g with a median value of 133 ng/g; whereas TBPH ranged from 1.5 to 10,630 ng/g with a median value of 142 ng/g. Furthermore, the ratio of TBB/TBPH present in the dust samples ranged from 0.05 to 50 (average 4.4), varying considerably from the ratio observed in the FM 550 commercial mixture (4:1 by mass), suggesting different sources with different chemical compositions, and/or differential fate and transport within the home. Analysis of paired dust samples collected from different rooms in the same home suggests HBCD, TBB, and TBPH are higher in dust from the main living area compared to dust collected in bedrooms; however, BTBPE and DBDPE levels were comparable between rooms. This study highlights the fact that numerous types of brominated flame retardants are present in indoor environments, raising questions about exposure to mixtures of these contaminants. |
| Doi | 10.1021/es801070p |
| Pmid | 18853808 |
| Wosid | WOS:000259139400025 |
| Url | https://www.scopus.com/inward/record.uri?eid=2-s2.0-51949108272&doi=10.1021%2fes801070p&partnerID=40&md5=385f640919cd9a830236aa245f2b3b54 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Language Text | English |
| Keyword | Arsenic compounds; Chlorine compounds; Communication channels (information theory); Dust; Esters; Ethane; Ethers; Fire fighting equipment; Flame spraying; Flammability; Isomers; Mixtures; Normal distribution; Organic compounds; Standards; Brominated flame retardants; Chemical compositions; Commercial applications; Commercial mixtures; Commercial standards; Decabromodiphenyl ethane; Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate; Dust collected; Dust samples; Fate and transport; Hexabromocyclododecane; House dust; Indoor environments; Living area; Median values; Polybrominated Diphenyl Ether; Flame retardants; (2 ethylhexyl)tetrabromophthalate; 2 ethylhexyl 2,3,4,5 tetrabromobenzoate; benzoic acid derivative; bromine derivative; decabromodiphenylethane; flame retardant; hexabromocyclododecane; phthalic acid bis(2 ethylhexyl) ester; phthalic acid derivative; polybrominated diphenyl ether; unclassified drug; atmospheric pollution; bromine; concentration (composition); detection method; dust; indoor air; article; chemical analysis; gas chromatography; house dust; mass spectrometry; United States; Dust; Flame Retardants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Reference Standards; United States |
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