Inhalation exposure to volatile chemicals in drinking water
Kim, E; Little, JC; Chiu, N; Chiu, A
| HERO ID | 93589 |
|---|---|
| In Press | No |
| Year | 2001 |
| Title | Inhalation exposure to volatile chemicals in drinking water |
| Authors | Kim, E; Little, JC; Chiu, N; Chiu, A |
| Journal | Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part C: Environmental Carcinogenesis & Ecotoxicology Reviews |
| Volume | C19 |
| Issue | 2 |
| Page Numbers | 387-413 |
| Abstract | Inhalation of volatile chemicals released during household water use is a recognized exposure pathway. Models previously developed to estimate inhalation exposure to radon gas, radon progeny, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were limited in their ability to predict exposure to compounds of low volatility due to a lack of appropriate experimental data. Recently, a comprehensive series of experimental studies has been completed in which mass-transfer coefficients for a shower, bath, faucet, washing machine, and dishwasher have been measured, making more detailed and accurate predictions possible. In this paper, the theoretical basis for mass transfer between water and air is reviewed and then extended to include the pH-dependent transfer of volatile compounds that participate in rapid acid/base reactions. This class of compound has not previously been considered in exposure assessment models. The evolution of inhalation exposure models is briefly reviewed and an improved version is developed. Sample calculations are made demonstrating the influence of both low volatility and pH on inhalation exposure. The paper concludes with illustrative examples assessing the toxicological implications of exposure to radon and hydrogen cyanide. The analysis confirms that inhalation is an important exposure pathway for waterborne chemicals. |
| Wosid | WOS:000174781400003 |
| Is Certified Translation | No |
| Dupe Override | No |
| Comments | ECRIB. |
| Is Public | Yes |
| Keyword | household; indoor air; mass transfer; model; pH; risk; transfer efficiency |
| Is Qa | No |